Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April

Religious moderation (washatiyyah) is a important concept that continues to be understood more deeply. This concept covers a moderate, balanced way of religion namely understanding and practicing religious teachings in a non-extreme way, on the basis of normative postulates. This article specifically underlies this concept of wasathiyyah from the perspective of hadith, by combining the methods of muslim scholars. The methodology for conducting this research is literature. The result is that this concept in the hadith displays the values of socio-religious life such as that it touches on aspects of the sunnah of life, the character of Islamic teachings, fairness in doing business, fairness in setting laws, interacting with non-Muslims, balance in life, fairness in acting, etc. This also has a positive impact on the face of Indonesian Muslims for the enforcement of justice, the middle way in religion (taw??zun), istiqamah, and tolerance. 

This research explains the meaning of vows according to Imam al-Qurthubi in Tafsir Jami li Ahkam Al-Qur'an, the forms of vows according to Imam al-Qurthubi in Tafsir Jami li Ahkam Al-Qur'an, things that are permissible for vowing according to Imam al-Qurthubi in Tafsir Jami li Ahkam Al-Qur'an. This study uses a qualitative approach to character studies. The data source for this study is based on the interpretation of Imam Al-Qurthubi in the book Tafsir Jami li Ahkam Al-Qur'an about vows. Furthermore, to strengthen the analysis and discussion, the author also refers to books, expert opinions and various findings from previous researchers related to this issue and topic. The findings of the analysis show that the meaning of vows according to Imam al-Qurthubi in the Tafsir Jami li Ahkam Al-Qur'an are vows of promise and vows of threat. A vow of promise is anything that is required by a mukallaf (a person who has been given an obligation) to himself according to his ability in order to carry out worship. While a vow of threat is something that is intended to be carried out but if it is not carried out then punishment will come from Allah SWT. The forms of vows according to Imam al-Qurthubi in the Tafsir Jami li Ahkam Al-Qur'an are: (i) Offering a baby in the womb, as was done by Imran AS's wife. (ii) Nazar fasting means being silent and holding back, the purpose of vowing silence is not to say dirty words while fasting, and vowing to hold back is holding back thirst and hunger, like fasting in the month of Ramadan and other sunnah fasts. Things that are permissible to make vows according to Imam al-Qurthubi in Tafsir Jami li Ahkam Al-Qur'an are vowing only to obey Allah SWT, such as vowing to slaughter an animal.

Thantawi Jauhari and Zaghloul al-Najjar are two of the many interpreters who approach the interpretation of the Qur'an with a scientific approach. Both try to present the scientific side of the Qur'an, both have different periods and statuses, Thantawi Jauhari is a philosopher while Zaghloul al-Najjar is a scientist who interprets. The purpose of this study is to explain how the interpretation of the verse about the meeting of the two seas in the Qur'an from the perspective of the mufassir and scientists who interpret the related verses. And to find out the differences in interpretation of the meeting of the two seas according to the perspective of ?an??wi Jauhari as a mufassir and the perspective of Zaghloul al-Najjar as a scientist who interprets the Qur'an. This research is a qualitative research by collecting data to be analyzed. In data collection, the author uses a literature study technique. The data collected comes from two types of sources, namely primary and secondary. The primary sources that the author uses in this study are "Tafs?r al-Jaw?hir f? al-Qur`an al-Kar?m" by Thantawi Jauhari and "Tafs?r Ay?t al-Kauniyah f? al-Qur`an al-Kar?m" by Zaghloul al-Najjar, while the secondary sources that the author uses are theses, journals and other interpretation books that are relevant to this study. Based on this research, similarities and differences were found in the interpretation of the meeting of the two seas according to Thantawi Jauhari and Zaghloul al-Najjar. Thantawi Jauhari and Zaghloul al-Najjar agreed to interpret the meaning of al-bahrain in Q.S al-Furqan [25]: 53 as fresh water and salt water. Thantawi Jauhari also interpreted the cause of the two seas not merging as being caused by a divine barrier, while Zaghloul explained that the two seas not merging was due to the existence of a barrier between the two seas caused by two different water characteristics.

Study this aiming for analyze meaning and function of the word al-Ma' (water) in perspective of the Qur'an through approach linguistic and thematic. The word al-Ma' has various important meaning and function in text of the Qur'an, both in the literal sense as vital elements for life and in a metaphorical sense that reflects the power and greatness of Allah.

Study This use method analysis content and theme for identify and examine verses that mention al-Ma' in the Qur'an. Apart from that, the approach taken in study This see aspect the meaning of the word al-Ma' in context al-Qur'an verses and grouping relevant verses to in various context.

Results study show that al-Ma' does not only positioned as element life physique but also as symbol theological depiction life, grace, and trials from God. Analysis This disclose that the Qur'an presents al-Ma' with complex function, linking material and spiritual aspects, so that enrich understanding meaning of water in Islamic perspective.

This study aims to map the main trends and themes in the study of cognitive dissonance based on the analysis of articles from various international journals. Mapping is done based on the year of publication and the thematic focus of studies that apply cognitive dissonance theory. The results of the study show that the use of this theory has increased significantly in the last three years, namely in 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2025. The trend of utilizing cognitive dissonance theory is mainly found in the fields of sociology, psychology, politics, and economics. However, no research has been found that applies this theory in religious studies, especially in the study of the interpretation of the Qur'an. Therefore, this study offers a new approach by integrating cognitive dissonance theory in discourse analysis and the dynamics of the interpretation of the Qur'an as a contribution to the development of methodology in Islamic studies.