Establishing An Islamic State According To Islamic Law From The Perspective Of The Qur'an

Abstract

This study examines the concept, legal basis, and normative framework for establishing an Islamic state from the perspective of Islamic law, drawing upon the Qur’an, Hadith, fiqh siyasah, and the views of classical and contemporary Muslim scholars. The research is motivated by the ongoing debate concerning the relationship between Islam and the state, particularly the renewed calls by certain Muslim groups for the establishment of an Islamic state or caliphate within the context of the modern nation-state. This research employs a normative-qualitative method through library research, utilizing a thematic interpretation of Qur’anic verses, analysis of prophetic traditions, and a comparative study of the political thought of scholars such as al-Mawardi, al-Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyyah, al-Maududi, and an-Nabhani. The findings indicate that neither the Qur’an nor the Hadith prescribes a fixed or rigid model of statehood. Instead, they emphasize fundamental principles of governance, including justice (al-‘adl), consultation (al-sh?r?), trust (am?nah), equality, the rule of law, and the realization of public welfare (ma?la?ah). From the perspective of Islamic law, the establishment of a state is regarded as a collective obligation (far? kif?yah) aimed at ensuring the implementation of amr ma‘r?f nahy munkar and the preservation of religious and social order. An Islamic state is thus understood as a political institution whose primary function is to uphold the objectives of Islamic law (maq??id al-shar?‘ah), rather than merely serving as a formal symbol of religious authority.